Biology

The sequence of events during meiosis involves two nuclear divisions ( meiosis I and meiosis II ). Prophase 1 In prophase 1 of meiosis, the DNA coils tighter, and individual chromosomes first become visible under the light microscope as a

                                 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy to chemical energy. Directly or indirectly, photosynthesis nourishes almost the entire living worlds -Autotrophs sustain themselves without

                                        AEROBIC WAY The citric acid cycle completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules. In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the

                         Introduction to bioenergetics Cellular respiration is composed of three topics: Redox reactions (oxidation-reduction) Electron transport chain Glycolysis In fact living cells require energy from outside sources. Some animals obtain

Substrate specificity of enzymes -The reaction that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate. -The enzyme binds to its substrate forming an enzyme-substrate complex -The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds. -Induced

                                            Cellular metabolism –          Metabolic path ways –          Thermodynamics –          Free energy –          Introduction to enzymes Overview: the energy

Microbiology is the study of single celled creatures or organisms. They are divided in ,Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Eukaryotes  : Fungi ,Protozoa Prokaryotes : Bacteria,Archie Because bacteria are most diverse collection of organisms, it is very hard to say something universally about bacteria.

Mendel crossed purple flowers (peas) with white flowers (peas) and he got purple flowers for all of the first generation. Now we should know that the first cross in any genetic cross is called the P cross or the parental

Cell division is incredibly tightly regulated (cancer  is described as an unregulated cell growth).In respect tothe cell division,there is a machinery that is a transitory state and this machinery is renewed every cell cycle. Key components of this machinery are:

The plasma membrane:Is the boundary that separates, the living cell, from its surrounding and exhibits selective permeability, allowing some substances to cross it more easily than others. Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins – Phospholipids are the